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Rifle  Marksmanship M16/M4 series weapons, TC 3-22.9 May 2016

1. What publication covers Rifle Marksmanship M16/M4 Series Weapons?
A: TC 3-22.9.

2. What does TC 3-22.9 provide?
A: provides Soldiers with the critical information for their rifle or carbine and how it functions.

3. What does Chapters 1-4 describe?
A: the weapon, aiming devices, mountable weapons, and accessories associated with the rifle and carbine.

4. What does Chapters 5-9 provide?
A: This portion focuses on the Solider skills needed to produce well aimed shots.

5. What is TC 3-22.9 designed to provide Soldiers?
A. it is designed to provide Soldiers the critical information on their rifle or carbine to properly and effectively engage and destroy threats. 

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6. Para 1-2 What are safe weapons handling procedures?
A. a consistent and standardized way for Soldiers to handle, operate, and employ the weapon safely and effectively.

7. 1-2 What are the three components Weapons handling is built on?
A. 1. the Soldier.
2. the weapon.
3. the environment.

8. 1-3 What are three distinct weapons handling measures Soldiers must be cognitively aware of?
A. 1. The rules of firearms safety.
2. Weapons safety status.
3. Weapons control status

9. 1-6 What are four rules of firearms safety?
A. 1. Treat Every Weapon as if it is Loaded.
2. Never Point the Weapon at Anything You Do Not Intend to Destroy.
3. Keep Finger Straight and Off the Trigger Until Ready to Fire.
4. Ensure Positive Identification of the Target and its Surroundings.

10. 1-7 How must every weapon be treated?
A. must be treated as if it is loaded and prepared to fire.

11. 1-15 What are the weapon safety status of the M4 and m16 series weapons?
A. 1. Green, no magazine, empty chamber, bolt is locked, and the selector is set to SAFE.
2. Amber, magazine is locked, bolt forward on EMPTY chamber, ejection port cover CLOSED, and  selector on SAFE.
3. Red, magazine inserted, round in chamber, bolt forward and locked, ejection port cover  closed, selector set to SAFE.

12. 1-22 What is weapons control status?
A. a tactical method of fire control given by a leader for the area of operations, and expected or anticipated enemy contact.

13. 1-23 table 1-2 What are the weapons control status?
A. 1. Weapons hold, Engage only if engaged or ordered to engage.
2. Weapons tight, Engage only if target is positively identified as enemy.
3. Weapons free, Engage targets not positively identified as friendly.

14. 1-25 What is overmatch?
A. Overmatch is the Soldier applying their learned skills, employing their equipment, leveraging technology, and applying the proper force to create an unfair fight in favor of the Soldier.

15. 1-25 What are the attributes a Soldier has to achieve and maintain overmatch against any threat?
A. 1. Smart, the ability to routinely generate understanding through changing conditions.
2. Fast, the ability to physically and cognitively outmaneuver adversaries.
3. Lethal, deadly in the application of force.
4. Precise, consistently accurate in the application of power to ensure deliver of the right effects in time, space, and purpose.

16. 1-26 What is required by Soldiers for overmatch?
A. Overmatch requires the Soldier to understand the key elements that build the unfair advantage and exploit them at every opportunity during tactical operations.

17. 1-26 What are the components of overmatch?
A. 1. Target detection, acquisition, and identification.
2. Engagement range.
3. Limited visibility.
4. Precision.
5. Speed.
6. Terminal performance.

18. 1-41 The proficiency and skills displayed during training translate into what?
A. smart, fast, lethal and precise Soldiers for the small unit during decisive action combat operations.

19. 2-1 What are the characteristics of the M16 series rifle or the M-4 series carbine?
A. a lightweight, 5.56-mm, magazine-fed, gas operated, air-cooled, shoulder-fired rifle or carbine.

20. 2-3 What are the two major components of the M-16 and M-4?
A. the upper receiver and the lower receiver.

21. 2-8 What is the Cycle of Function?
A. the mechanical process a weapon follows during operation.

22. 2-9 What are the phases of the cycle of function?
A. 1. Feeding.
2. Chambering.
3. Locking.
4. Firing.
5. Unlocking.
6. Extracting.
7. Ejecting.
8. Cocking.

23. 2-11 What is Feeding?
A. the process of mechanically providing a cartridge of ammunition to the entrance of the chamber.

24. 2-12 What is Chambering?
A. the continuing action of the feeding round into the chamber of the weapon.

25. 2-13 What is Locking?
A. Locking is the process of creating a mechanical grip between the bolt assembly and chamber with the appropriate amount of head space (clearance) for safe firing.

26. 2-14 What is Firing?
A. Firing is the finite process of initiating the primer detonation of the cartridge and continues through shot-exit of the projectile from the muzzle.

27. 2-15 What is Unlocking?
A. Unlocking is the process of releasing the locking lugs on the bolt face from the corresponding recesses on the barrel extension surrounding the chamber area.

28. 2-16 What is Extracting?
A. Extracting is the removal of the expended cartridge case from the chamber by means of the extractor.

29. 2-17 What is Ejecting?
A. Ejecting is the removal of the spent cartridge case from the weapon itself.

30. 2-18 What is Cocking?
A. Cocking is the process of mechanically positioning the trigger assembly’s parts for firing.

31. 2-19 What is Cooling?
A. Cooling is the process of dissipating heat from the weapon during firing.

32. 2-22 What are three methods to reduce the thermal stress on a weapon for M4 and M16?
A. 1. Radiational cooling.
2. Conduction cooling.
3. Convection cooling.

33. 3-1 What are some aiming devices used to align the Soldier, the weapon, and the target to make an accurate and precise shot?
A. 1. Iron.
2. Optics.
3. Thermal.
4. Pointer/Illuminator/Laser.

34. 3-17 What are available optics for mounting on the M4- and M16-series modular weapon system?
A. 1. Iron Sight.
2. Back Up Iron Sight (BUIS).
3. CCO, M68.
4. RCO, M150.

35. 3-24 What is the CCO Close Combat Optic, M68 designed for?
A. it is designed for the “eyes-open” method of sighting.

36. 3-27 What are some advantages of the CCO?
A. 1. The CCO offers a distinct speed advantage over iron sights in most if not all engagements.
2. The CCO is the preferred optic for close quarter’s engagements.

37. 3-29 What is a disadvantage of the CCO?
A. 1. The CCO lacks a bullet drop compensator or other means to determine accurate range to target beyond 200m.

38. 4-1 What are some items that could be mounted using the ARS Adaptive Rail System?
A. 1. Weapons.
2. Aiming devices.
3. Accessories.

39. 4-6 What are the two types of weapons that can be physically attached to the M16 and M4 rifles?
A. Grenade launchers and shotguns.

40. 5-0 What is a rifleman's primary role?
A. The rifleman’s primary role is to engage the enemy with well-aimed shots.

41. 5-2 What are the two truths for a Soldier to place well-aimed shots?
A. 1. Properly point the weapon (sight alignment and sight picture).
    2. Fire the weapon without disturbing the aim.

42. 5-3 What must a Soldier master to ensure well-aimed shots?
A. 1. sight alignment.
2. sight picture.
3. trigger control.

43. 5-5 What are the three distinct phases of the shot process?
A. 1. Pre-shot.
2. Shot.
3. Post-shot.

44. 5-11 What must a Soldier establish, maintain and sustain to place an accurate shot?
A. 1. Stability.
2. Aim.
3. Control.
4. Movement.

45. 5-17 What is target acquisition?
A. Target acquisition is the ability of a Soldier to rapidly recognize threats to the friendly unit or formation. It is a critical Soldier function before any shot process begins.

46. 5-18 What are the things a Soldier must execute during the target acquisition process?
A. 1. Detect.
2. Identify.
3. Prioritize.

47. 5-19 What are the skill sets for target detection for a Soldier?
A. 1. Scan and search.
2. Acquire.
3. Locate.

48. 5-21 What are five basic search and scan techniques to detect potential threats in combat situations?
A. 1. Rapid scan.
2. Slow scan.
3. Horizontal scan.
4. Vertical scan.
5. Detailed search.

49. 5-29 What are used for Fratricide prevention?
A. 1. Markings.
2. Panels.
3. Lighting.
4. Beacons and Strobes.
5. Symbols.

50. 6-1 Stability is provided through what four functions?
A. 1. support.
2. muscle relaxation.
3. natural point of aim.
4. recoil management.

51. 6-12 What are primary carry positions?
A. 1. Hang.
2. Safe hang.
3.Low ready.
4. High ready.
5. Ready (or ready-up).

52. 6-31 What might a Soldier do to for a stabilization failure to occur?
A. 1. Control the movement of the barrel during the arc of movement.
2. Adequately support the weapon system.
3. Achieve their natural point of aim.

53. 6-34 What are the primary firing positions?
A. 1. Standing.
2. Squatting.
3. Kneeling.
4. Sitting.
5. Prone.

54. 7-13 What are some of the most common aiming errors?
A. 1. Non-dominant eye use.
2. Incorrect zero.
3. Battlefield obscurants.
4. Incorrect sight alignment.
5. Incorrect sight picture.
6. Improper range determination.

55. 7-15 What are some of the increased engagement difficulties?
A. 1. Target conditions.
2. Environmental conditions.
3. Shooter conditions.

56. 7-15 What are some of the difficulties for Target conditions?
A. 1. Range to target.
2. Moving targets.
3. Oblique targets.
4. Evasive targets.
5. Limited exposure targets.

57. 7-15 What are some of the difficulties for Environmental conditions?
A. 1. Wind.
2. Angled firing.
3. Limited visibility.

58. 7-15 What are some of the difficulties for Shooter conditions?
A. 1. Moving firing position.
2. Canted weapon engagements.
3. CBRN operations engagements.

59. 8-3 How does the Soldier physically maintain positive control of the shot process?
A. 1. Trigger control.
2. Breathing control.
3. Workspace.
4. Calling the shot (firing or shot execution).
5. Follow-through.

60. 8-17 What are the rates of fire?
A. 1. Slow semiautomatic fire.
2. Rapid semiautomatic fire.
3. Automatic or Burst fire.

61. 8-26 What should a Soldier immediately do if a main weapon malfunctions?
A. 1. switch to secondary weapon if can defeat threat.
2. Move to cover if secondary weapon can not defeat threat.
3. If no secondary weapon, move to cover and repair malfunction and let team know.

62. 8-29 What are the two general types of corrective action for a weapon malfunction?
A. Immediate action and Remedial action.

63. 8-31 What type of malfunction can immediate action correct?
A. 1. Failure to fire.
2. Failure to feed.
3. Failure to chamber.
4. Failure to extract.
5. Failure to eject.

64. 8-32 What type of malfunction is remedial action required to correct?
A. 1. Immediate action fails to correct symptom.
2. Stove pipe.
3. Double feed.
4. Bolt override.
5. Charging handle impingement.

65. 8-33 What must a Soldier do when thy have a malfunction during a combat situation?
A. the Soldier must announce STOPPAGE or another similar term to their small unit, quickly move to a covered location, and correct the malfunction as rapidly as possible.

66. 8-35 How do you perform immediate action?
A. 1. Hears the hammer fall with an audible “click.”.
2. Taps the bottom of the magazine firmly.
3. Rapidly pulls the charging handle and releases to extract / eject the previous cartridge and feed, chamber, and lock a new round.
4. Reassess by continuing the shot process.

67. 8-36 What are the conditions that a Soldier should perform remedial action?
A. 1. Immediate action does not work after two attempts.
2. The trigger refuses to be squeezed.
3. The trigger feels like “mush” when squeezed.

68. 8-37 What should the Soldier do if the weapon needs remedial action?
A. the Soldier looks into the chamber area through the ejection port to quickly assess the type of malfunction.

69. 8-37 What are the three reasons for remedial action?
A. 1. Stove pipe.
2. Double feed.
3. Bolt override.

70. 8-37 How do you perform Stove pipe remedial action?
A. Grasp case and attempt to remove, cycle weapon and attempt to fire. If this fails, pull charging handle to the rear while holding case.

71. 8-37 How do you perform Double feed remedial action?
A. the Soldier must remove the magazine, clear the weapon, confirm the chamber area is clear, secure a new loaded magazine into the magazine well, and chamber and lock a round.

72. 8-37 How do you perform Bolt override remedial action?
A. Remove magazine. Pull charging handle as far rearward as possible. Strike charging handle forward. If this fails, pull charging handle to the rear a second time, use tool or finger to hold the bolt to the rear, sharply send charging handle forward​.